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Aurora (Russian: Авро́ра, tr.Avrora, IPA: [ɐˈvrorə]) is a 1900 Russian protected cruiser, currently preserved as a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. Aurora was one of three Pallada-classcruisers, built in Saint Petersburg for service in the Pacific. All three ships of this class served during the Russo-Japanese War. Aurora survived the Battle of Tsushima and was interned under US protection in the Philippines, and eventually returned to the Baltic Fleet.

The second ship, Pallada, was sunk by the Japanese at Port Arthur in 1904. The third ship, Diana, was interned in Saigon after the Battle of the Yellow Sea. One of the first incidents of the October Revolution in Russia took place on the cruiser Aurora, which reportedly fired the first shot, signalling the beginning of the attack on the Winter Palace.

Russo-Japanese War[edit]

Soon after completion, on October 10, 1903, Aurora departed Kronstadt as part of Admiral Virenius's 'reinforcing squadron' for Port Arthur.^[3] While in the Red Sea, still enroute to Port Arthur, the squadron was recalled back to the Baltic Sea, under protest by Admiral Makarov, who specifically requested Admiral Virenius to continue his mission to Port Arthur. Only the 7 destroyers of the reinforcing squadron were allowed to continue to the Far East.^[4]

After her detachment from the reinforcing squadron and her arrival back to home port she underwent new refitting.^[5] After refitting, Aurora was ordered back to Port Arthur as part of the Russian Baltic Fleet^[6][7]Aurora sailed as part of AdmiralOskar Enkvist's Cruiser Squadron whose flagship would be the Protected Cruiser Oleg, an element of Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky's Baltic Fleet.^[8] On the way to the Far East, Aurora received 5 hits, sustaining light damage from confused friendly fire, which killed the ship's chaplain and a sailor, in the Dogger Bank incident.^[9]

On 27 and 28 May 1905 Aurora took part in the Battle of Tsushima, along with the rest of the Russian squadron. During the battle her captain, Captain 1st rank Eugene R. Yegoryev, and 14 crewmen were killed. The executive officer, Captain of 2nd rank Arkadiy Konstantinovich Nebolsine, took command although wounded. After that Aurora, covering other much slower Russian vessels, became the flagship of Rear-Admiral Enkvist, and with two other Russian cruisers broke through to neutral Manila, where she was interned by United States authorities from 6 June 1905 until the end of the war.

In 1906 Aurora returned to the Baltic and became a cadet training ship. From 1906 until 1912 the cruiser visited a number of other countries; in November 1911 she was in Bangkok as part of the celebrations in honour of the coronation of the new King of Siam.

October Revolution mutiny[edit]

During World War IAurora operated in the Baltic Sea performing patrols and shore bombardment tasks. In 1915, her armament was changed to fourteen 152 mm (6 in) guns. At the end of 1916, she was moved to Petrograd (the renamed Saint Petersburg) for a major repair. The city was brimming with revolutionary ferment and part of her crew joined the 1917 February Revolution.

The ship's commanding officer, Captain Mikhail Nikolsky, was killed when he tried to suppress the revolt.^[10] A revolutionary committee was created on the ship, with Aleksandr Belyshev elected as captain. Most of the crew joined the Bolsheviks, who were preparing for a Communist revolution.

At 9.40pm on 25 October 1917 (Old Style; 7 November New Style) a blank shot from her forecastle gun signaled the start of the assault on the Winter Palace, which was to be the beginning of the October Revolution. In summer 1918, she was relocated to Kronstadt and placed into reserve.

Second World War[edit]

In 1922 Aurora returned to service as a training ship. Assigned to the Baltic Fleet, from 1923, she repeatedly visited the Baltic Sea countries, including Norway in 1924, 1925, 1928 and 1930, Germany in 1929 and Sweden in 1925 and 1928. On 2 November 1927, Aurora was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for her revolutionary merits.

During the Second World War, the guns were taken from the ship and used in the land defence of Leningrad. The ship herself was docked in Oranienbaum port,^[11] and was repeatedly shelled and bombed. On 30 September 1941 she was damaged and sunk in the harbour.

In 1944 despite the vessel's state, Aurora became the first campus and training vessel of the Nakhimov Naval School.

After extensive repairs from 1945 to 1947, Aurora was permanently anchored on the Neva in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg again) as a monument to the Great October Socialist Revolution. In 1957 she became a museum-ship. On 22 February 1968 she was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, whose badge portrays Aurora herself.

To the present[edit]

As a museum ship, the cruiser Aurora became one of the many tourist attractions of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), and continued to be a symbol of the October Socialist Revolution and a prominent attribute of Russian history. In addition to the museum space, a part of the ship continued to house a naval crew whose duties included caring for the ship, providing security and participating in government and military ceremonies. The crew was considered to be on active duty and was subject to military training and laws.

Having long served as a museum ship, from 1984 to 1987 the cruiser was once again placed in her construction yard, the Admiralty Shipyard, for capital restoration. During the overhaul, due to deterioration, the ship's hull below the waterline was replaced with a new welded hull according to the original drawings. The cut off lower hull section was towed into the Gulf of Finland, to the unfinished base at Ruchi, and sunk near the shore. The restoration revealed that some of the ship parts, including the armour plates, were originally made in Britain.^{[citation needed]}

Aurora is the oldest commissioned ship of the Russian Navy, still flying the naval ensign under which she was commissioned, but now under the care of the Central Naval Museum. She is still manned by an active service crew commanded by a Captain of the 1st Rank.

In January 2013 Russian Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu announced plans to recommission Aurora and make her the flagship of the Russian Navy due to her historical and cultural importance.^[12] On 21 September 2014 the ship was towed to the Admiralty Shipyard in Kronstadt to be overhauled,^[13][14] to return in 2016.^[15] On 16 July 2016 she returned to her home harbour in Saint Petersburg.

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See also[edit]

• Japanese battleship Mikasa, the other surviving warship of the Battle of Tsushima
• The Twelfth Symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich (title of 3rd movement)

In fiction[edit]

The Aurora is mentioned in Max Brook's book World War Z as being part of a large flotilla of ships encountered by Chinese submariners. 'We saw the Aurora, the actual World War 1-era heavy cruiser whose mutiny had sparked the Bolshevik Revolution'.^[16]

The Aurora (Avrova) is mentioned in Tom Clancy's novel The Hunt for Red October as the ship Marko Ramius' friend and childhood mentor, Sasha, served aboard at the time of the Russian Revolution.^{[citation needed]}

The Aurora is mentioned in 4A Games' 2019 video game Metro Exodus as the inspiration for the name of the train used by the Spartan Rangers to escape Moscow and journey across post-apocalyptic Russia.^{[citation needed]}

Footnotes[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'Official Cruiser Aurora website'. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
2. ^'Best scale models website'. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
3. ^Corbett (2015) Vol. 1, p. 51
4. ^Corbett (2015) Vol. 1, p. 146, 147
5. ^Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. The Scarecrow Press. p. 52. ISBN0-8108-4927-5.
6. ^Corbett (2015) Vol. 2, Chapters I, VI, X, XI, XIII, XIV
7. ^British Naval Attache Reports (2003) p. 354 the new redesignation to the 2nd Pacific Squadron was rarely used, in both Corbett texts and official British Naval Attache Reports, the term Balic Fleet is mostly consistent.
8. ^Corbett (2015) Vol. 2, p. 194, 215, 273
9. ^Corbett (2015) Vol. 2, p. 35
10. ^Dowling, p. 571
11. ^Sávina, Sofía (7 November 2014). 'Aurora: The cruiser that sparked a revolution – or did it?'.
12. ^http://2-news.ru/info/politics/211-avrora_vernetsya_v_stroy_.html^{[permanent dead link]}
13. ^'Aurora: The cruiser that sparked a revolution – or did it?'.
14. ^RT (21 September 2014). 'Russian Revolution Symbol: Iconic 'Aurora' cruiser towed to renovation port' – via YouTube.
15. ^'Legendary Aurora to return to its harbour after overhaul in 2016'. ITAR-TASS. 13 October 2014.
16. ^Brooks, Max (19 July 2010). 'World War Z'. Gerald Duckworth & Co – via Google Books.

Sources[edit]

• British Naval Attache Reports. (2003) The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. The Battery Press, Inc. Nashville, TN ISBN0-89839-324-8
• Corbett, Sir Julian. (2015) Maritime Operations In The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. Vol. 1 originally published Jan 1914. Naval Institute PressISBN978-1-59114-197-6
• Corbett, Sir Julian. (2015) Maritime Operations In The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. Vol. 2 originally published Oct 1915. Naval Institute Press ISBN978-1-59114-198-3
• Timothy C. Dowling. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO, 2015. ISBN978-1-59884-947-9

External links[edit]

• Official website(in English)(in Russian)

Coordinates: 59°57′19″N30°20′17″E / 59.95528°N 30.33806°E

Buyers Beware: Diana/Aurora

Hi. These ships are so similar I'm doing a double guide of some sort, and if the formatting is crazy, it's because I have no set way of doing these yet, so bear with me. If it's too unclear, I'll reformat it - they're still meant to be quick guides, not an in-depth analysis.

I don't have a funny skype quote this time around. /u/horsememes, step up your game.

EDIT: NEVERMIND WE GOT ONE [12:51:16] Mr Twisty: I dread the day you review an oddly shaped ship

Without any further ado, let's get the bad stuff out of the way first, as I like to do.

The bad stuff

• They're protected cruisers. You know what this means by now, probably.

• The greatest implication for the sisters' in-game performance is their absolute lack of any hull armour above the waterline, which renders them extremely vulnerable to overpen damage from BBs, regular pen damage from smaller guns and HE blasts. Just like Emden, Diana and Aurora bleed HP at worrying speeds.

• No I'm fucking serious literally the entire hull is protected by 9mm armour this shit is pathetic. It's par for the course for Diana's tier 2 friends, but Aurora faces off against the much faster Tenryu and the much more durable St. Louis.

• Both ships are slow. Reallyfuckingslow. They both cap out at a whopping 19 knots, which means they lag behind every other ship in their respective tiers, barring Katori and South Carolina for Aurora and Mikasa for Diana.

• I dunno if it's the poor above-waterline armour or what, but both of them lose engines and steering a lot (like, almost DD-levels).

• Russian tundras might be cold, but Diana and Aurora are more like California forests in that they burst into flames with little to no warning. A general tier 2/3 trait, but since the base fire chance modifier is affected by armour, their poor above-waterline armour makes them even more likely to burn.

• Their main battery is composed solely of the absolutely ancient 6' Canet naval guns. Diana and Aurora truly are from a different era of naval warfare, just like Albany, and these guns best reflect that. Their shells are absolutely fucking awful, even by protected cruiser standards, with piss poor drag and low mass and krupp, which equals really low velocity and penetration, as well as low AP damage. (just to draw a real life analogy, the shells are a bit like /u/horsememes' weiner - low speed, low penetration, low damage.)

• For being from a country that doesn't really like rainbows, Diana and Aurora's shells sure do rainbow a whole lot. The arcs are massive. I dunno why Russia still builds rockets cos they might as well just start firing Sputniks out of Aurora's guns.

• Diana loses out on the sheer volume of gun her sister has for slightly improved range and a ton of 3' secondaries that just look pretty, but won't actually damage anything. It's like having a bunch of M3 Lees strapped to your ship, but also they have a dead gunner and a potato driver and they generally just really suck. 2.5km base range secondaries oh joy.

• Diana also has awkwardly long rudder shift time compared to her tier 2 peers, and her turning circle radius is on the large side.

• Aurora has a less than impressive HP pool. It's alright, but still lower than St. Louis' and Bogatyr's.

• Xbox hueg citadel. Well, relatively speaking, not really but it somehow feels bigger on Diana and Aurora. This is probably because other protected cruisers in these tiers are either St. Louis or have a flat armour deck level with the waterline that has a tendency to bounce shells a lot, whereas Diana and Aurora have their armour decks raised slightly above the waterline, with a strip of thick-ish but flat armour protecting the exposed bit.

• High freeboard means big target.

• These ships just feel really generic and boring in general. There's no real flavour to them (apart from rainbow flavour) and it always feels like you'd be doing better in a friggin St. Louis or Bogatyr.

• Low-tier cruisers with low-tier cruiser woes: supermassive HE spam, torps everywhere, disappointing XP and credit gains.

• Diana looks like a fucking olive. The camo is gross, unless you're into camo green covering your entire ship.

But IT'S NOT ALL BAAAAAAAAD~

The alright stuff

• The HE shells are generally bad but the alpha and fire chance are okayish. Not good, but not awful either.

• Diana has an obscenely large HP pool for a tier 2 ship, second only to Mikasa, with something in the region of a 4k HP advantage over the next best ship.

• Both ships have pretty decent range, with Diana having the longest range of any tier 2 ship at 11.8km. Their slow speed means they need it and you'll be hard pressed to use the range due to the arc, but once you get the lead down, Diana and to a lesser extent Aurora have a varying amount of time to get free damage in on approaching enemies.

• Aurora is fucking covered in guns. I love protected cruiser designs. It's just a shitty, goofy looking ship literally covered in open (best case scenario, shielded) gun mounts. Turrets are for assholes.

• What this means is that just like St. Louis, Aurora can fling frightening amounts of shells downrange and switch targets very easily due to the lion's share of her guns being mounted along her broadsides, not on the centerline.

• Diana has pretty decent ROF, given her 5-gun broadside and range.

• Diana's secondaries look really funny when they fire, seriously.

• Aurora turns on a dime! Ironic, since she wasn't on a coin but Diana was. She's tied for second best rudder shift among her tier 3 cruiser peers, and has a very tight turning circle of exactly 400 meters.

• Even with the weird slightly raised armour deck they're still protected cruisers dwelling in tiers where everyone's AP fucking sucks so they're still annoying to actually citadel.

• Like with Emden, the arcs might occasionally work out in your favour because you'll be rainbowing your shells straight onto people's decks, where they'll do more damage.

• Tier 2/3 HE is generally just really fucking shit so you won't permanently lose any guns.

• Aurora has AA. Take that as you will.

• Aurora has preferential MM, and won't see tier 5 battles, unlike the other tier 3 cruisers.

• Aurora has friggin pimpin' camo. Her blue stripes look very clean and aesthetically pleasing, and the white superstructure really accentuates the hull colours. Not as cool as the pure white of Albany and Emden, but pretty nonetheless.

• Both of them have cool-looking bow crests. Not as gaudy as Albaeny's, but they're there and they look cool.

The history stuff

• Diana didn't do a whole lot of note apart from losing to the Japanese and later the Germans, and getting her officers murdered during the revolution.

• Aurora also lost the Japanese, but has a lot more of note going... Both historically significant things and historically hilarious things. First, she was part of the Baltic fleet that was sent to reinforce Russian naval forces leading up to the Battle of Tsushima, an epic adventure and one of the altogether most hilarious episodes in naval history where she ended up being shot at by friendlies on two separate occasions during the journey. I'd love to tell y'all the tale of the Baltic fleet but I'll sae that for another day.

• Secondly, it was Aurora's forecastle gun that fired the first shot of the October Revolution, a series of events that drastically changed the world's geopolitical, cultural and military landscape. This was the reason I bought Aurora almost immediately when the game went into OBT.

In summary

They're just dead average tier 2/3 protected cruisers.

• Diana has a distinct advantage over her peers in her range and HP pool, giving her a semblance of a unique identity.

• Aurora is just St. Louis without armour, and pretty average as far as tier 3 cruisers go. Nothing too bad about her, but nothing really good either.

The main thing is that they're so generic. There's nothing that really makes them fun or relaxing to play. Emden's ROF gives me a good chuckle every time. Tachibana has dumb AP. Diana and Aurora are just bland.

• If you're looking for a good ship: ... Diana, maybe, but then again, tier 2. Aurora? No.

• If you're looking for an XP/credit grinder: Aurora sits at tier 3, where she earns an almost passable amount of XP and credits, but overall I'd say no, especially with a much better VMF cruiser sitting only two tiers higher.

• If you're looking for something silly and/or fun: meh. The pile of guns is fun for a few battles, but St. Louis also does that, and the shitty arcs will just frustrate you, especially with Diana's range advantage.

• If you collect premium ships or just enjoy low tier play: sure, go for it. They cost the same as a single McDonald's meal and will not give you stomach aches and/or diabetes, and are also infinitely prettier to look at.

• If you're looking for something historically significant: get Aurora literally right now what the fuck are you waiting for. She also still exists as a museum ship, which makes owning her a lot cooler to me.

My real life surname is postscript.

This was originally meant to go up on tuesday because these take an hour or two to write and I realised I'd still be writing these next year if I do one weekly (hyperbole, but there's a lot of premium ships), but some stuff happened.

Namely, my week's been garbage. That's why the usual humour and flair might not quite be up to standard. I felt so utterly worthless on tuesday writing guides was the last thing on my mind, and the rest of the week hasn't been a whole lot better. I just didn't want to skip today's guide because I don't want to break my schedule two weeks after setting it. I still hope y'all get some use or at least a chuckle out of this guide. If it helps one person or makes them laugh, I've done my job.

Shell attribute list is still coming but woah man I just haven't felt like working on that this week, and it's so much data I'd be bound to fuck it up in my current state of mind.

As always, if there's typos or formatting errors or blatantly incorrect shit, poke me and I'll fix it asap. <3